Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act Essay

Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act - Essay Example Partly in response to King’s actions and his march to Washington, the government took the necessary actions in ensuring that there was equality in opportunities among all the people. It passed the Civil Rights and the Voting Rights Laws which effectively played a role in ending segregation within the American community (King & Lillback, 2003, 78). The other contemporary readings in the paper do not clearly indicate what role the government should play in ensuring that there is equality in opportunities. Brittain is pessimistic about the achievement of the integrated society that Dr. King believed and sacrificed himself for. Shelby Steele, a male, argues that African American should be responsible for their uplift whereas the white community should be responsible for providing the moral support required. He also states that the white community should be responsible for fighting racism that lingers within it. Steele additionally raises vigorous opposition against the Affirmative Action law in his works (King & Lillback, 2003, 97). ... utality and slavery contrasted the promises and liberties in farming, which President Jefferson termed as the guarantor of virtues along with morality in the American society. The author does not, however, state which method the government should adopt to end the vices (King & Lillback, 2003, 99). D’ Souza, on the other hand, who is a conservative, urges that the American Revolution principles should be conserved. In his book titled â€Å"We the Slave Owners†, the author argues against classical liberalism and old virtues along with the belief that man’s nature is fundamentally good and for these reason enormous conflicts emerge. He additionally states that the mediation process should be carried out by organizations such as the UN. The author does challenge the beliefs of concepts like affirmative action along with issues concerning social welfare. He finally attributes the majority of the current problems and other social issues being experienced to cultural th eft (D’ Souza, 154). The civil rights law that came into being in the year 1964 banned discriminatory actions against women and African Americans within their society which included the issue of racial segregation. It ended the inequalities that existed between the requirements for various voters within the system while also ending racial restrictions that existed in their working areas, schools along with public places and facilities. The American government through their voting rights law outlawed discrimination in their voting systems in the year 1965. The reason for enacting the law was because it had brought a lot of disenfranchisement among the African American society living within the United States of America (King & Lillback, 109). The law specifically prevents any standards, practices or

Sociology Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sociology Assignment - Essay Example It also shows that people find beauty in products of mixed races. Nicole Scherzinger, is an example of a popular celebrity who is a product of mixed race. Speaking of celebrities, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie have a multiracial family not by natural ways but by adoption. And since this is world wide, it is safe to assume that the conditions, the issues, and situations these mixed race families, also known as multiracial families, are similar in most cases. I have chosen an article from Family Magazine Los Angeles entitled Finding Ways to Share Ethnic Differences in Multi-Racial Families as a representation of the family. This is how I see families – multi-racial, multi-cultural, dynamic and unique. The article discusses the challenges that multi-racial families face in the society and shares some ways to cope with these challenges as well. This paper in turn will show my analysis of the family as I see it through multi-racial families. First the paper discusses the definition of family and how it has changed through time and then analyze the family’s characteristics and show why families are multi-racial, multi-cultural, dynamic and unique. Today’s society’s definition of family has changed from how different societies from different eras define families. Before, issues of survival, economics, and politics has dictated how people form families. At present, there are existing laws and cultural practices that also dictate how families are formed. These practices and these dictates have changed all through the centuries. Several factors have affected these practices and beliefs and some identified factors have led to the current state of families today. Divorce has been prevalent thereby expanding the members of the family to siblings from ex-spouses, ex-parents and new parents. Single parenthood as a result of teen pregnancies has also changed the definition of family life because normally family is composed of a father,

A Farewell to Arms Summary and Critical Analysis Essay Example for Free

A Farewell to Arms Summary and Critical Analysis Essay Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in suburban Oak Park, IL, to Dr. Clarence and Grace Hemingway. Ernest was the second of six children to be raised in the quiet suburban town. His father was a physician, and both parents were devout Christians. Hemingway had an aptitude for physical challenge that engaged him through high school, where he both played football and boxed. Because of permanent eye damage contracted from numerous boxing matches, Hemingway was repeatedly rejected from service in World War I. Hemingway also edited his high school newspaper and reported for the Kansas City Star, adding a year to his age after graduating from high school in 1917. After this short stint, Hemingway finally was able to participate in World War I as an ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. He was wounded on July 8, 1918, on the Italian front near Fossalta di Piave. During his convalescence in Milan, he had an affair with a nurse, Agnes von Kurowsky. Hemingway received two decorations from the Italian government, and he joined the Italian infantry. Clarence Hemingway had been suffering from hypertension and diabetes. This painful experience is reflected in the pondering of Robert Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls. In addition to personal experiences with war and death, Hemingways extensive travel in pursuit of hunting and other sports provided a great deal of material for his novels. Bullfighting inspired Death in the Afternoon, published in 1932. In 1934, Hemingway went on safari in Africa, which gave him new themes and scenes on which to base The Snows of Kilamanjaro and The Green Hills of Africa, published in 1935. In 1950 he published Across the River and Into the Trees, though it was not received with the usual critical acclaim. In 1952, however, Hemingway proved the comment Papa is finished wrong, in that The Old Man and the Sea won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953. In 1954, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. On July 2, 1961, he died of self-inflicted gunshot wounds. He was buried in Ketchum. Papa was both a legendary celebrity and a sensitive writer, and his influence, as well as some unseen writings, survived his passing. In 1964, A Moveable Feast was published; in 1969, The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War; in 1970, Islands in the Stream; in 1972, The Nick Adams Stories; in 1985, The Dangerous Summer; and in 1986, The Garden of Eden. Hemingways own life and character are as fascinating as in any of his stories. On one level, Papa was a legendary adventurer who enjoyed his flamboyant lifestyle and celebrity status. However, deep inside lived a disciplined author who worked tirelessly in pursuit of literary perfection. Being married before or after doesn’t effect the child physically or delays its birth. Marriage in this sense is the outward form of their love. Marriage in the physical sense before or after the fact means nothing as with Catherine’s early comment of â€Å"I couldn’t be any more married. † Henry and Catherine surely learned that they were in love no matter married or not. Having a ring on the finger doesn’t make the love any stronger it just a psychical representation of their love. Henry ignores the temptations of the outward forms of religion, love, and symbols as he achieves becoming authentic. The conclusion of â€Å"A Farewell To Arms† with all its death is marked by a rebirth. Henry looses his child and his lover. He finally achieves the status of being authentic in the final scene â€Å"It was like saying good-by to a statue. After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked back to the hotel in the rain. † Henry prior to Catherine death was seeking hope. During Catherine’s final hour Henry prayed to God once more only to go unanswered: Please, please, please, dear God, don’t let her die. Dear God, don’t let her die. Please, please, please, don’t let her die. God please don’t make her die. I’ll do anything you say if you don’t let her die. You took the baby but don’t let her die. That was all right but don’t let her die. Please, please, dear God, don’t let her die. He now knows all the things around him are false. Henry now knows the true forms of religion, patriotism, and love are empty forms of hope. He know knows that any hope must only come from within. Henry is now an authentic in that â€Å"He walks quietly back to the hotel in the rain. † and knows that only he can shape his destiny.

Database Design And Development For Petcare Veterinary Computer Science Essay

Database Design And Development For Petcare Veterinary Computer Science Essay Draw an Entity Relationship Data Model that describes the content and structure of data held by PetCare. Specify the cardinality ratio and participation constraint of each relationship type. Database Development Process The process is divided into four main stages: requirements elicitation, conceptual modeling, logical modeling and physical modelling. The techniques used in the development process naturally divide into three categories: those concerned modelling, those concerned with logical modelling and those concerned with physical modelling. Figure 1 the database development process Requirements Elicitation Requirements elicitation involves establishing the key technical requirements for a database system usually through formal and informal interaction between developers and organizational stakeholders such as users. It provides the structure of data needed and the use of the data in some information system context. Stakeholder identification and participation One of the first things that must be done in any information systems project is to identify the relevant stakeholders. A stakeholders group is any social group within and without the organization that potentially may influence the successful use and impact of the database system. Veterinary doctor Use the database to for managing treatment information of pet Staff keep track of animal and appointment Regulators National and regional government may need to audit the database Requirements Elicitation and requirements specification Requirements elicitation is the precursor to requirements specification. In terms of a system to manage Petcare, the following is a list of proposed requirements for system: The database should be capable of supporting the following transaction: Create and maintain records recording the details of Petcare Pets clinics and the members of staff at each clinic. Create and maintain records recording the details of pet owners. Create and maintain the details of pets. Create and maintain records recording the details of the types of treatments for pets. Create and maintain records recording the details of examinations and treatments given to pets. Create and maintain records recording the details of invoices to pet owners for treatment to their pets. Create and maintain pet owner/pet appointments at each clinic. Data requirements PetCare veterinary surgery Petcare has six medium sized veterinary surgery clinics across London. The details of each clinic include address of branch, telephone number, opening hours and emergency contact telephone number. Assuming that each clinic has a number of staff for example vets, nurses, secretaries and cleaners. Staff The details stored on each member of staff include the staff name, address, home telephone number and mobile telephone number. Pet owners When a pet owner first contacts a clinic of Petcare the details of the pet owner are recorded, which include name, address, home telephone number and mobile telephone number. Pets The details of the pet requiring treatment are noted, which include a put number, type of pet, age and sex. Examinations When a sick pet is brought to a clinic, the vet on duty examines the pet. The details of each examination are recorded and include an examination number, the date and time of the examination, the name of the vet, the pet number, pet name, and type of pet, and a full description of the outcome of the examination results. Petcare provides various treatments for all types of pets. The details of each treatment include a treatment number, full description of the treatment, and the cost to the pet owner. Based on the result of the examination of a sick pet, the vet may propose one or more types of treatment. For each types of treatment, the information recorded includes the examination number and date. Invoices The pet owner is responsible for the cost of the treatment given to a pet. The owner is invoiced for the treatment arising from each examination, and the details recorded on the invoice include the invoice number, invoice date, owner number, owner name and full address, put number, put name, and details of the treatment given. The invoice provides the cost for each type of treatment and total cost of all treatments given to the pet. Additional data is also recorded on the payment for example cash, credit card or check. Appointments If the pet requires to be seen by the vet at later date, the owner and pet are given an appointment. The details of an appointment are recorded and include an appointment number, owner name, date and time. Using the logical database design methodology Entity-Relationship modeling is a top-down approach to database design. We begin ER modeling by identifying the important data (called entities) and relationships between the data that must be represented in the model. We then add more details such as the information we want to hold about the entities and relationships (called attributes) and any constraints on the entities, relationships, and attributes. Identify entities Identify entities A set of objects with the same properties, which are identified by a user or organization as having an independent existence The first step in logical database design is to identify entity that you have to represent in the database. Entity name Description Occurrence Clinic Veterinary clinics One or more Petcare clinics located throughout London Staff General term describing all staff employed by Petcare Each member of staff works at a particular clinic PetOwner Owners of pets taken to Petcare Owner takes his/her pet to a particular clinic Pet Sick animal seek treatment to the clinic One or more animal are taken to the clinic Examination Treatment Invoice Appointment PetTreatment Attributes The particular properties of entities are called attributes. Attributes represent what we want to know about entities. Single-Valued attributes The majority of attributes are single-valued for a particular entity. For example, each occurrence of the Staff entity has a single value for the staffNo attribute (for example,001), and therefore the staffNo attribute is referred to as being single-valued. Derived attributes An attributes that represents a value that is derivable from the value of a related attributes, or set of attributes, no necessarily in the same entity. Some attributes may be related for a particular entity. For example, the age of a pet is derivable form the date of birth (DOB) attribute, and therefore the age and DOB attributes are related. We refer the age attributes as a derived attributes, the value of which is derived from the DOB attribute. Age is not normally stored in a database because it would have to be updated regularly. On the other hand, as date of birth never changes and age can be derived from date of , date of birth is stored instead, and age is derived from DOB attribute, when needed. Identify relationships Having identifies the entities; next step is to identify all the relationships that exist between these entities. A relationship is a set of associations between participating entities. As with entities, each association should be uniquely identifiable within the set. A uniquely identifiable associations is called a relationships occurrence Clinic Relationships Entity Relationship Entity Clinic Has Veterinary Registers Pet Schedules Appointment IsContactedBy PetOwner Veterinary Relationships Entity Relationship Entity Veterinary Performs Examination Pet Owner Relationships Entity Relationship Entity PetOwner Owns Pet Pays Invoice Attends Appointment Pet Relationships Entity Relationship Entity Pet Undergoes Examination Attends Appointment Cardinality Ratio of PetCare database Cardinality or degree concerns the number of instances involved in a relationship. A relationship can be said to be either a 1:1 (one-to-one) relationship, a 1: M (one-to-many) relationship, or an M: N (many-to-many) relationship. Final Clinic relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity Clinic 1..1 Has 1..M Staff 1..M Registers 1..M Pet 1..1 Schedules 1†¦M Appointment 1..1 IsContactedBy 1..M PetOwner Final Veterinary Relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity Veterinary 1..1 Performs 1..M Examination Final Pet Owner Relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity PetOwner 1..1 Owns 1..M Pet 1..1 Pays 1..M Invoice 1..1 Attends 1..M Appointment Final Pet Relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity Pet 1..1 Undergoes 1..M Examination 1..1 Attends 1..M Appointment First draft Entity Relationship Data Model Second draft Entity Relationship Data Model Final Entity Relationship Data Model Task 2 Normalization Normalization is a technique for producing a set of table with desirable properties that support the requirements of a user or company. There are several normal forms, although the most ones are called first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF). All these normal forms are based on rules about relationships among the columns of a table. First normal forms (1NF) Only first normal form (1NF) is critical in creating appropriate tables for relational databases. All the subsequence normal forms are optional. A table in which the intersection of every column and record contains only one value Clinic (clinicNo, address, city, state, zipcode, telNo, faxNo, opeingHour) Primary Key clinicNo Alternate Key zipCode Alternate Key telNo Alternate Key faxNo Alternate Key opeingHour clinicNo address telNo openingHour C001 Enfield 503-555-3618, 503-555-2727, 503-555-6534 9.00-21-00 C002 Islington 206-555-6756, 206-555-8836 9.00-21-00 C003 Hackney 212-371-3000 9.00-21-00 C004 Holloway 206-555-3131, 206-555-4112 9.00-21-00 C005 Chingford 8502333 9.00-21-00 C006 Leyton 4650000 9.00-21-00This version of the Clinic table is not in 1NF More than one value, so not in 1NF Converting to 1NF To convert this version of the Clinic table to 1NF, we create separate table called ClinicTelephone to hold the telephone number of clinics, by removing the tellNo column from the Clinic table along with a copy of the primary key of the Clinic table. The primary key for the new ClinicTelephone table is now the telNo column. The Clinic and ClinicTelephone table are in 1 NF as there is a single value at the intersection of every column with every record for each table Clinic (Not 1NF) clinicNo address telNo openingHour C001 Enfield 503-555-3618, 503-555-2727, 503-555-6534 9.00-21-00 C002 Islington 206-555-6756, 206-555-8836 9.00-21-00 C003 Hackney 212-371-3000 9.00-21-00 C004 Holloway 206-555-3131, 206-555-4112 9.00-21-00 C005 Chingford 8502333 9.00-21-00 C006 Leyton 4650000 9.00-21-00 Remove telNo column and create a new column called telNo in the new table Take copy of clinicNo column to new table to become foreign key ClinicTelephone (1NF) clinicNo telNo C001 503-555-3618 C001 503-555-2727 C001 503-555-6534 C002 206-555-6756 C002 206-555-8836 C003 212-371-3000 C004 206-555-3131 C004 206-555-4112 C005 8502333 C006 4650000 Clinic (1NF) clinicNo address openingHour C001 Enfield 9.00-21-00 C002 Islington 9.00-21-00 C003 Hackney 9.00-21-00 C004 Holloway 9.00-21-00 C005 Chingford 9.00-21-00 C006 Leyton 9.00-21-00 Second normal form (2NF) Second normal form applies only to tables with composite primary keys that are table with a primary key composed of two or more columns. A 1NF table with a single column primary key is automatically in at least 2NF. A table that is not in 2NF may suffer from update anomalies. A table that is already in 1NF and which the values in each non-primary-key column can be worked out from values in all columns that make up the primary key. Third normal form (3NF) Although 2NF table have less redundancy that table in 1 NF, they may still suffer from update anomalies. A table that is already in 1NF and 2NF, and in which the values in all non-primary key columns can be worked out from only the primary key column and no other columns. staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo clinicAddress telNo S001 Tom Adams 25000 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S002 Sally Daniels 35222 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S003 Mary Chin 5200 C002 Islington 206555675 S004 Sally Stern 5000 C002 Islington 206555 S005 Art Peters 45822 C003 Hackney 8502333 S006 Tommy Verciti 65000 C004 Holloway 4650000 Values in clinicNo and clinicAddress columns can be worked out from telNo, so table not in 3NF Values in clinicNo and telNo columns can be worked out from clinicAddress, so table not in 3NF Values in all non-primary-key columns can be worked out from the primary key, staffNo Values in clinicAddress and telNo columns can be worked out from clinicNo, so table not in 3NF staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo clinicAddress telNo StaffClinic (Not 3NF) staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo clinicAddress telNo S001 Tom Adams 25000 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S002 Sally Daniels 35222 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S003 Mary Chin 5200 C002 Islington 206555675 S004 Sally Stern 5000 C002 Islington 206555 S005 Art Peters 45822 C003 Hackney 8502333 S006 Tommy Verciti 65000 C004 Holloway 4650000 Move column to new table Take copy of clinicNo column to new table to become primary key Clinic (3NF) clinicNo clinicAddress telNo C001 Enfield 5035553618 C001 Enfield 5035553618 C002 Islington 206555675 C002 Islington 206555 C003 Hackney 8502333 C004 Holloway 4650000 Staff (3NF) staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo S001 Tom Adams 25000 C001 S002 Sally Daniels 35222 C001 S003 Mary Chin 5200 C002 S004 Sally Stern 5000 C002 S005 Art Peters 45822 C003 S006 Tommy Verciti 65000 C004 Primary key Becomes foreign key Becomes candidate key Becomes primary key Task 3 Using a Database Management System (DBMS) of your choice, set up all the above normalized tables, and populate them with well-designed test data (minimum 5 records per table). Provides printouts of all tables. Reasonable assumption may be made with regard to data Clinic Table create table clinic ( clinicNO int not null primary key, telNo varchar(255), address varchar(255), ) alter table clinic add clinicName varchar (255) alter table clinic add openingHour varchar(255) alter table clinic add eTelNo varchar (255) insert into clinic values (01,2863015,Darwin Avenue,8.00-21.00,2863000,Enfield) insert into clinic values (02,4650001,John David Avenue,8.00-21.00,2868000,Islington) insert into clinic values (03,4278926,King Arthur Avenue,8.00-21.00,2867000,Hackney) insert into clinic values (04,2682365,Paul Mac Avenue,8.00-21.00,2866000,Holloway) insert into clinic values (05,4682685,James Micheal Avenue,8.00-21.00,2865000,Chingford) insert into clinic values (06,2863015,Benaoit Frank Avenue,8.00-21.00,2864000,Leyton) Pet owner create table petowner ( ownerID int not null primary key, oFName varchar (255), oLName varchar (255), clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo)) alter table petowner add addres varchar(255) alter table petowner add hTelNo varchar(255) alter table petowner add mTelNo varchar (255) insert into petowner values (01,Marvin,Hemraj,1,Edith Cavel Str,2106584,758956) insert into petowner values (02,Ramjeet,Lavin,2,Avenue Gonin,2564589,7585695) insert into petowner values (03,Arzeena,Bakarkhan,3,Gorgetown Str,2106584,758956) insert into petowner values (04,Chetan,Sing,4,Jackson Road,2458695,7582658) insert into petowner values (05,Hansley,Nowjee,5,15 Ollier Avenue,2565458,7589562) insert into petowner values (06,Sam,Fisher,6,Leess Street,26584585,75895623) Pet Table create table pet ( petNo int not null primary key, type varchar (255), breed varchar (255), sex varchar (255), dob varchar (255) ) alter table pet add clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo) alter table pet add ownerid int foreign key references petOwner (ownerid) alter table pet add petName varchar (255) insert into pet values (01,Dog,Terroer,Male,1 Jan 2004,01,01,Wouf) insert into pet values (02,Dog,Poodle,Female,2 Feb 2005,02,02,Snoopy) insert into pet values (03,Cat,Persian,Male,3 March 2006,03,03,Minous) insert into pet values (04,Cat,Siamese,Female,4 April 2007,04,04,Milous) insert into pet values (05,Rabit,Dwarf,male,5 May 2008,05,05,Lapino) insert into pet values (06,Cat,Siamese,Female,4 June 2009,06,06,Lapinas) Examination Table create table examination ( examNo int not null primary key ) alter table examination add veterinaryId int foreign key references veterinary (veterinaryId) alter table examination add petNo int foreign key references pet (petNo) alter table examination add presDrugType varchar (255), presPeriod varchar (255) insert into examination values (1,1,Anti-biotic,15,01) insert into examination values (2,2,Painkiller,14,02) insert into examination values (3,3,Behaviour modification,13,03) insert into examination values (4,4,Ear medication,12,04) insert into examination values (5,5,Skin medication,15,05) insert into examination values (6,6,Painkiller,10,06) Appointment Table create table appointment ( appNo int not null primary key, aDate varchar (255), aTime varchar (255), petNo int foreign key references pet (petNo), ownerID int foreign key references petowner (ownerID), veterinaryId int foreign key references veterinary (veterinaryId) ) alter table appointment add clinicNO int foreign key references clinic (clinicNO) alter table appointment alter column aDate date insert into appointment values (01,2 October 2010,10.00,1,1,1,1) insert into appointment values (02,3 November 2009,10.35,2,2,2,2) insert into appointment values (03,4 December 2009,13.00,3,3,3,3) insert into appointment values (04,5 January 2010,15.00,4,4,4,4) insert into appointment values (05,6 Feb 2010,18.00,5,5,5,5) insert into appointment values (06,7 March 2010,9.00,6,6,6,6) Invoice Table create table invoice ( invoiceNo int not null primary key, ownerid int foreign key references petowner (ownerid), amt int ) alter table invoice add examNo int foreign key references examination (examNo) insert into invoice values (01,01,500,1) insert into invoice values (02,02,2000,2) insert into invoice values (03,03,400,3) insert into invoice values (04,04,300,4) insert into invoice values (05,05,1500,5) insert into invoice values (06,06,750,6) Veterinary Table create table veterinary ( veterinaryId int not null primary key, name varchar (255), Address varchar(255), hTelNo varchar(255), mTelNo varchar(255), clinicBranch varchar (255), specialise varchar(255) ) select * from veterinary alter table veterinary add spspecialise varchar(255) alter table veterinary drop column clinicBranch alter table veterinary add clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo) insert into veterinary values (01,Jean,High Street Way 43,6358264,7595865,1,dog) insert into veterinary values (02,Robbin,Lower Downtown 2,6582354,7362548,2,cat) insert into veterinary values (03,Ricky,Market Ville Road,4582356,7586523,3,rabit) insert into veterinary values (04,Rowan,Little China Road2,4582653,7263158,4,dog) insert into veterinary values (05,Laksh,Havana Roadway,8596564,7236458,5,rabit) insert into veterinary values (06,Hans,Talipos Road,4625687,7859584,6,cat) Task 4 Set-up and test all of the following queries using Structured Query Language (SQL). Provide printouts of SQL code for each query and the output produced when you run the query in the database you have developed. Query Question 1 Display the names and address of the branches of Petcare and the name of all veterinary doctors working at each of the branches. Any specialism (s) of the veterinary doctors should also show. Using SQL Code SELECT clinic.clinicName AS [Branches Name], clinic.address AS [Branches Address], veterinary.name AS [Veterinary Doctor Name], veterinary.specialise AS [Veterinary Specialism] FROM clinic INNER JOIN veterinary ON clinic.clinicNO = veterinary.clinicNo The Result Using Query Designer The Result Query Question 2 Display all the appointments for the whole of the Petcare organization. This should be ordered by date. The result should display the branch the appointment is at, the name of the veterinary doctor the appointment is with, the date and time of the appointment, the name of the animal the appointment is for, the type of animal and the breed of the animal. Using SQL code SELECT clinic.clinicName AS [Branches Name], veterinary.name AS [Veterinary Doctor Name], appointment.aDate AS [Appointment Date], appointment.aTime AS [Appointment Time], pet.petName AS [Pet Name], pet.type AS [Pet Type], pet.breed AS [Pet Breed] FROM appointment INNER JOIN clinic ON appointment.clinicNO = clinic.clinicNO INNER JOIN veterinary ON appointment.veterinaryId = veterinary.veterinaryId AND clinic.clinicNO = veterinary.clinicNo INNER JOIN pet ON appointment.petNo = pet.petNo AND clinic.clinicNO = pet.clinicNo ORDER BY [Appointment Date] The Result Using Query Designer The Result Task 5 Explain any assumptions you have made when analyzing, designing and implementing the above database, justify the approach you have taken and explain any alternative approaches you could have taken to any of the above tasks. Discuss any changes you would make to improve your work. Determine candidate, primary and alternate key attributes This step is concerned with identifying the candidate key for an entity and then selecting one to be the primary key. In the process of identifying primary keys, note whether an entity is strong or weak. In trying to identify candidate keys, I observe that the clinic number for the Clinic entity, the veterinary number for the veterinary entity, the invoice number for the Invoice entity are unique for the entire practice. On the other hand, the owner number for the PetOwner entity, the pet number for the Pet entity, are only unique for a particular clinic. Its not uncommon for a company to give different offices a degree of local autonomy. However, in a centralized database system its sometimes more appropriate to have uniqueness throughout the company. In discussion with the PetCare management, its agreed that all numbers should be allocated across the entire practice, as opposed to each branches. If this had not been the decision, it would have been necessary to add the clinic number to those numbers only unique within each clinic to gain uniqueness across the practice. With this in mind, I have now identify the primary keys and foreign key. Check model for redundancy At this point, I have a logical data model for Petcare. However, the data model may contain some redundancy which should be removed. More speci ¬Ã‚ cally, I have to: (1) Re-examine one-to-one (1:1) relationships. (2) Remove redundant relationships. (3) One-to-one (1:1) relationships Redundant relationships There are a number of relationships between PetOwner, Pet, Clinic, and Appointment, and a closer examination is useful to identify any redundant relationships. First of all, note that the PetOwner/Pet entities have mandatory participation in the POAttends/PAttends/Owns relationships, and that a PetOwner may own many pets. Therefore, for any given Appointment we can identify the Owner through the POAttends relationship, but we cannot then identify the Pet through the Owns relationship. However, for any given Appointment, we can identify the Pet through the PAttends relationship and for any given Pet we can identify the PetOwner through the Owns relationship, which suggests that the POAttends relationship is redundant. In a similar way, through the PAttends relationship we can identify the Pet, and through the Registers relationship we can identify the Clinic involved in the Appointment, which suggests the Schedules relationship is also redundant. Note that the IsContactedBy relationship between Clinic and PetOwner also appears to be redundant. However, PetCare notes the details of pet owners when they first make contact and only obtains the details of pets at the first appointment, and so the IsContactedBy relationship is retained. Check business rules Business rules are the constraints that I have impose in order to protect the database from becoming inconsistent. Of the six types of business rules, four were identified in previous steps and documented in the above. I consider the remaining two here: referential integrity and other business rules. Referential integrity There are two issues to consider here: (1) Identify whether nulls are allowed for the foreign key. In general, if the participation of the child table in the relationship is mandatory, then the strategy is tha

A Normal School Day :: Free Essays

A Normal School Day The cold air hit me in the face as I opened the door, and with it a cold foggy world unfolded. The air was cold and crisp, and their was a slight crunch as my steps crushed the crystallised green structures on the cold sleeping floor as I made my way across the field towards the lonely bus stop, trying to dodge the muddy, waterlogged pits that filled the field. As I reached the end of the field, I had top scramble down a short slimly path to my destination which was very slippery at this time if year. The bus stop couldn't really be called a bus stop, it was just a post in the ground with a picture of a bus on it which had the rank of 'bus stop'. We had to wait for minutes that felt like hours, for a dirty cream and brown box with a grumpy face, covered from wheel to roof in dust, the red mud around the rims had dried from previous excursions, the remains of its unsuspecting muddy victims. The dirty rotting portal of a door opened with a hiss as we all filled in to the rotting carcass on wheels. The journey only lasted 20 minutes, which is nothing if you have lived her all your life, after a while you begin to realise that its only the tourists who are willing to acknowledge your existence in the world, which is good in a way. But we never had proper roads, when we pointed on a map and said 'that's it , that's where I live, they would look at you strange as you pointed at one small A road running through mid-Devon. Even the map denied our existence, they only ever showed the one road that meant so much to us, our one link to the outside world 'the city'. The bus was warm in the cramped bus, which managed to raise our spirits as the rain hit the ancient windowpanes, and watching the wind fighting with the trees, trying get its own way.

Teenage Years Are Depressing :: essays research papers

Teenage years are depressing because they are going through some of the biggest changes in their life. Teens start high school and have to deal with being little in a school again. They go through major hormonal changes. Their bodies develop and grow. They have to decide whether or not they are going to college or not. If they choose college, then what college will meet their needs the best? Will they even be accepted to the college they want to go to? These are major decisions and changes they have never experienced before. Then there is the daily life. They wake up in the morning dreading school, they know they have to go. They just don't want to go. Then they get ready and go to school. They are depressed about school. They go to all their classes. The end of the day is nearing and they may be depressed about having to go home. Their family life might be bad. They go home and what do you do? Sit down, watch television, play a video game, lock themselves in their room, or just going around being mad at everyone and their life. This really is the pits. They need to change their life whether it be changing their after school activity or changing their attitude. Depression is defined as a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies. No two people feel or experience depression the same way. The symptoms and causes of depression are very different for everyone. Lawrence Clayton, Ph.D. and Sharon Carter write, "The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [reported that] for 4 to 10 percent of the American public at any given time the ["downer"] mood doesn't lift." They also reported that one quarter of the population would experience a major depressive period during their lifetime (8). One out of four people will have a problem with depression in the United States. NIMH also reported that "approximately 4 out of a 100 teenagers get seriously depressed each year. Clinical Depression is a serious illness that can affect anybody, INCLUDING TEENAGERS" ("Let's Talk" 1). Gerald D. Oster, Ph.D., Sarah S. Montgomery, MSW, write, "Clinical depression refers to a condition marked by the changes in one's mood and by associated behaviors that range from a mild degree of sadness to intensely experienced feelings of hopelessness and suicidal thought's" (43).

Unforgettable Vacations Essay

Most of us have had new experiences. Everyday people are looking new ways to have fun, especially how to have the most memorable vacation of their life. As my eighteen years old I had the opportunity to meet one of the most beautiful place in my country Honduras known as Roatan. The experiences in Roatan such as attention in the hotel, different activities and unique beaches made that vacation stay in my mind and in my heart for my whole life. First of all, the attention that I received in the hotel was unique. I had the opportunity to be in one of the most famous hotel in Roatan known as Henry Morgan. In this hotel the personal is very friendly, generous, and helpful with everything I needed. Also the rooms were huge and spacious and all the facilities were clean and had all necessary. In addition, the hotel had a delicious and unique banquet for each day from what was breakfast, followed by lunch, and ending with dinner. After that I realized that my adventure was just beginning. The best parts of my vacations in Roatan were the different activities that could be done during the day both the hotel and the city of Roatan. During the day I enjoyed to do exercises aerobics at the pool and on the beach. The horse riding along the sea was another activity I enjoyed doing because it was done in the afternoon before nightfall. At night the hotel did activities like night of theater in which the members of the hotel organized a play for children and adults. On that night everyone was dressed with different colorful costumes, performed jokes, telling stories that keep everyone alert to the presentation. In addition, during the night the hotel also organized dances between couples which lasted all night. These activities made every moment unforgettable. Lastly, Roatan beaches are exclusive with many palms and mangroves and is known for its tranquility, transparency and the beautiful color turquoise can be observed. Diving is one of the activities that are performed on these beaches. I had the opportunity to see the coral reef that surrounds the Island of Roatan is the world’s second largest. Diving with dolphins is another of the great experiences I had the opportunity to perform on the beaches of Roatan. In addition, I had my first experience to fishing, these beaches are perfect for that. I never imagined doing these things, but now I realize the diversity of wonderful things that has my country. In  conclusion, courtesy existing in your people, the many events and attractions of this Island Roatan make an exceptional adventure. Now, I know Roatan has many places to explore and this is what makes it a paradise impossible to forget. However, I hope to one day be able to return and enjoy the same or new things and have the opportunity to create new experiences in my life.